Category Archives: Business Law

Dispute over Great Western Trail publishing rights leads to trademark lawsuit

18 Thursday Apr 2019

Posted by in Branding, Business Law, Indiana, Indianapolis, Intellectual Property, Litigation, Southern District of Indiana, Trademark

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This is an interesting dispute involving board game publishing rights and exclusive trademark licensing.

The Complaint (below) references a contract by which the plaintiff, Stronghold Games, would exclusively publish a board game called “Great Western Trail” from August 3, 2016 to December 31, 2018. At that time, the game was owned by a German company called eggertspiele. The Complaint alleges that one of the obligations eggertspiele agreed to in the contract was it “will not during the term grant to any other person, firm or company any rights that would derogate from the grant made” in its contract with Stronghold Games.

Stronghold first released Great Western Trail in the U.S. in November 2016. It was very popular and quickly sold out. However, while seeking permission for a second print run of the game in June 2017, Stronghold learned that all assets of eggertspiele had been purchased by Plan B Games, the defendant.

Plan B Games asserted that it had no contract with Stronghold and it did not grant reprint rights to Stronghold. Subsequently, in January 2018, Plan B Games released its own version of Great Western Trail, seemingly identical but removing Stronghold’s logo from the packaging.

Screen Shot 2019-04-17 at 11.03.19 AM.png

I think this paragraph from the Complaint nicely sums up why Stronghold is unhappy with the current state of affairs: “Plan B was well aware of the pent-up demand for the Stronghold Version of this game in 2017, and the introduction of the nearly identical Plan B Version in early 2018 to satisfy the pent-up demand for the Stronghold Version improperly traded on Stronghold’s goodwill and has led to consumer confusion.”

Unfortunately, while the Complaint references the initial contract between Stronghold and eggertspiele granting publication rights, it didn’t include a copy of the contract for review. Although the contract apparently included language about minimum duration and exclusivity, it’s unclear whether the contract granted any property interest in the Great Western Trail trademark to Stronghold.

As general information, license agreements can give licensees standing to sue for infringement, provided that they grant an exclusive license and a property interest in the trademark. A trademark licensee’s proper use of a mark benefits the trademark owner, not the licensee. This allows trademark owners to rely on use by controlled licensees to prove continuing use of a trademark. Section 5 of the Lanham Act explicitly recognizes the acquisition of trademark rights by a licensor through first use of the mark by a controlled licensee.

However, in this situation, Stronghold appears to assert its own claim to property rights in the GREAT WESTERN TRAIL trademark distinct from the licensor, based on its own exclusive marketing efforts in the United States.

I look forward to reading the Answer, which hopefully will include the original contract. Stay tuned for updates.

Indie Game Studios, LLC v. Plan B Games, Inc et al.

Court Case Number: 1:19-cv-1492
File Date: Monday, April 15, 2019
Plaintiff: Indie Game Studios, LLC d/b/a Stronghold Games LLC
Plaintiff Counsel: Patrick J. Olmstead, Jr., John Bradshaw
Defendant: Plan B Games, Inc., Plan B Games Europe GMBH
Cause: Federal Unfair Competition, False Designation of Origin, Indiana Trademark Infringement, Common Law Unfair Competition, Conspiracy
Court: Southern District of Indiana
Judge: Sarah Evans Barker
Referred To: Mark J. Dinsmore

Complaint:

How to Form an LLC in Indiana

11 Monday Mar 2019

Posted by in Business Law, Indiana, Intellectual Property

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What is an LLC?

A Limited Liability Company (“LLC”) is a business entity which combines the advantage of a corporation’s limited liability and the flexibility and single taxation of a general partnership.

“Limited liability” means that an LLC member is protected from personal liability for business debts and claims. If the business owes money or faces a lawsuit, the assets of the business will be at risk but not the personal assets of the LLC member.

Forming an LLC in Indiana can be done relatively quickly and with limited expense.  This post will detail the main steps you’ll need to take to form a limited liability company (LLC) in Indiana:

  • Select an available business name that complies with Indiana’s LLC rules (and federal and Indiana trademark law).
  • Create an LLC operating agreement, which sets out the rights and obligations of the LLC members.
  • File formal paperwork, usually called Articles of Organization, and pay the filing fee

Choose a Name for Your LLC

The name that you choose for an Indiana LLC must be distinguishable from any other registered or authorized Indiana business entity or any reserved names on record.

The name of the LLC must also contain one of the following words as a company identifier: “Limited Liability Company”, “LLC” or “L.L.C.” (You will subsequently file a simple “doing business as” form without the company identifier. For example, the formal name will be , but the d/b/a would be …)

Besides following Indiana’s LLC naming rules, you’ll want to conduct a trademark clearance search to make sure that your name won’t violate another entity’s trademark.  (At this stage, you should also register relevant domain names and consider a federal trademark application for your LLC’s name. For general information about federal trademarks, click here.)

File Articles of Organization

After settling on a name, you must prepare and file “Articles of Organization.” You may also see this document referred to as a “certificate of formation” or “certificate of organization.”

Filing Fees

One disadvantage of forming an LLC instead of a partnership or a sole proprietorship is that you’ll have to pay a filing fee when you submit your Articles of Organization. The current filing fee in Indiana is $85. If you would like to compare this to other states filing fees, click here.

Required Information

Articles of Organization are short, simple documents. You can find a template here. You must provide the LLC’s name, address, registered agent, dissolution and management information.

Members are not required to be listed in the Articles of Organization. However, be aware that Indiana has the following membership requirements for an LLC:

Indiana does not require a specific purpose to be listed in the Articles of Organization.

Registered Agent

You will be required to list the name and address of a person, usually your business attorney or one of the LLC members, who will act as your LLC’s “registered agent,” or “agent for service of process.” The agent is the person designated to receive legal papers in any future lawsuit involving your LLC.

You can now file all documents online at the Indiana Secretary of State’s website.

Create an LLC Operating Agreement

Even though operating agreements are not required to be filed with the Indiana Secretary of State and are not required by Indiana law, it is essential that you create one. In an LLC operating agreement, you set out rules for the ownership and operation of the business (much like a partnership agreement or corporate bylaws).

Optimally, the operating agreement will include:

  • each member’s percentage interest in the business
  • members’ rights and responsibilities
  • members’ voting power
  • how profits and losses will be allocated
  • how the LLC will be managed
  • rules for holding meetings and taking votes, and
  • “buy-sell” provisions, which determine what happens if a member wants to sell his or her interest, dies, or becomes disabled.

Once you’ve completed the above steps, take a moment to congratulate yourself. You have a new Indiana LLC. However, note that Indiana requires most businesses to obtain a business license and pay a fee if operating in the state, so check to make sure your business is complying with the license requirements for your particular industry.

Annual Filing Requirements:

Looking forward, be aware that a Business Entity Report must be received by the state of Indiana by the anniversary month, and it must be filed every two years. The year of filing depends on whether the LLC was filed during an even or odd numbered year. The fee for this filing is $30 every 2 years.

Taxes:

For more information on taxes, visit: State of Indiana Tax Information Website.

Before filing for an LLC, you may want to discuss with your business attorney whether an LLC is the appropriate entity type for your company. An attorney can also assist in drafting your LLC’s Operating Agreement.

DJ Performance Agreements

06 Wednesday Mar 2019

Posted by in Artists, Business Law, Entertainment Law, Intellectual Property, Just for Fun, Musicians

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A good DJ will impart a sense of feeling, rythym and happiness on a party.

In order to ensure that their own business also runs as smooth and happily as the dance floor, DJs providing services for venues should use a performance agreement in securing a set and, importantly, the payment. Here are some key questions to consider for your DJ performance agreement:

  1. Have you made sure the venue can understand the provisions of the contract?
  2. Have you communicated to the venue the minimum deposit needed to bind the terms of the agreement?
  3. Have you communicated to the venue that they are obligated to pay you if the set is cancelled on the performance date?
  4. Have you discussed the conditions that release both parties from the agreement?
  5. Have you communicated to the purchaser regarding terms of your deposit and the remaining balance?
  6. Have you discussed with the venue about advertising control of your show?

Go back and review your performance agreement with the above questions in mind. If you’re uncertain, contact an entertainment attorney for a professional review of your agreement.

How to Form an LLC in Indiana

28 Thursday Feb 2019

Posted by in Business Law, Indiana

≈ Leave a comment

What is an LLC?

A Limited Liability Company (“LLC”) is a business entity which combines the advantage of a corporation’s limited liability and the flexibility and single taxation of a general partnership.

“Limited liability” means that an LLC member is protected from personal liability for business debts and claims. If the business owes money or faces a lawsuit, the assets of the business will be at risk but not the personal assets of the LLC member.

Forming an LLC in Indiana can be done relatively quickly and with limited expense.  This post will detail the main steps you’ll need to take to form a limited liability company (LLC) in Indiana:

  • Select an available business name that complies with Indiana’s LLC rules (and federal and Indiana trademark law).
  • Create an LLC operating agreement, which sets out the rights and obligations of the LLC members.
  • File formal paperwork, usually called Articles of Organization, and pay the filing fee

Choose a Name for Your LLC

The name that you choose for an Indiana LLC must be distinguishable from any other registered or authorized Indiana business entity or any reserved names on record.

The name of the LLC must also contain one of the following words as a company identifier: “Limited Liability Company”, “LLC” or “L.L.C.” (You will subsequently file a simple “doing business as” form without the company identifier. For example, the formal name will be , but the d/b/a would be …)

In addition to following Indiana’s LLC naming rules, you’ll want to conduct a trademark clearance search to make sure that your name won’t violate another entity’s trademark.  (At this stage, you should also register relevant domain names and consider a federal trademark application for your LLC’s name. )

File Articles of Organization

After settling on a name, you must prepare and file “Articles of Organization.” You may also see this document referred to as a “certificate of formation” or “certificate of organization.”

Filing Fees

One disadvantage of forming an LLC instead of a partnership or a sole proprietorship is that you’ll have to pay a filing fee when you submit your Articles of Organization. The current filing fee in Indiana is $85 (for online filing). If you would like to compare this to other states’ filing fees, click here.

Required Information

Articles of Organization are short, simple documents. You can find a template here. You must provide the LLC’s name, address, registered agent, dissolution and management information.

Members are not required to be listed in the Articles of Organization. However, be aware that Indiana has the following membership requirements for an LLC:

Indiana does not require a specific purpose to be listed in the Articles of Organization.

Registered Agent

You will be required to list the name and address of a person, usually your business attorney or one of the LLC members, who will act as your LLC’s “registered agent,” or “agent for service of process.” The agent is the person designated to receive legal papers in any future lawsuit involving your LLC.

You can now file all documents online at the Indiana Secretary of State’s INBiz website.

Create an LLC Operating Agreement

Even though operating agreements are not required to be filed with the Indiana Secretary of State and are not required by Indiana law, it is essential that you create one. Within an LLC operating agreement, you will set out rules for the ownership and operation of the business (much like a partnership agreement or corporate bylaws).

Optimally, the operating agreement will cover the following topics:

  • each member’s percentage interest in the business
  • members’ rights and responsibilities
  • members’ voting power
  • how profits and losses will be allocated
  • how the LLC will be managed
  • rules for holding meetings and taking votes, and
  • “buy-sell” provisions, which determine what happens if a member wants to sell his or her interest, dies, or becomes disabled.

Once you’ve completed the above steps, take a moment to congratulate yourself. You have a new Indiana LLC. However, note that Indiana requires most businesses to obtain a business license and pay a fee if operating in the state, so check to make sure your business is complying with the licensing requirements for your particular industry.

Annual Filing Requirements:

Looking forward, be aware that a Business Entity Report must be received by the state of Indiana by the anniversary month, and it must be filed every two years. The year of filing depends on whether the LLC was filed during an even or odd numbered year. The fee for this filing is $31 every 2 years.

Taxes:

For more information on taxes, visit the State of Indiana Tax Information Website.

Before filing for an LLC, you may want to discuss with your business attorney whether an LLC is the appropriate entity type for your company. An attorney can also assist in drafting your LLC’s Operating Agreement.